home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
TIME: Almanac 1990
/
1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
/
time
/
world
/
s
/
spain.3
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1991-04-11
|
5KB
|
111 lines
Government
Long-form name: Kingdom of Spain.
Type: parliamentary monarchy.
Capital: Madrid.
Administrative divisions: 17 autonomous communities (comunidades
autonomas, singular--comunidad autonoma); Andalucia, Aragon,
Asturias, Canarias, Cantabria, Castilla-La Mancha, Castilla
y Leon, Cataluna, Extremadura, Galicia, Islas Baleares,
La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, Navarra, Pais Vasco, Valenciana.
Independence: 1492 (expulsion of the Moors and unification).
Constitution: 6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978.
Legal system: civil law system, with regional applications;
does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction.
National holiday: National Day, 12 October.
Executive branch: monarch, president of the government (prime
minister), deputy prime minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet),
Council of State.
Legislative branch: bicameral The General Courts or National
Assembly (Las Cortes Generales) consists of an upper house
or Senate (Senado) and a lower house or Congress of Deputies
(Congreso de los Diputados).
Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo).
Leaders: Chief of State--King JUAN CARLOS I
(since 22 November 1975);
Head of Government--Prime Minister Felipe GONZALEZ Marquez
(since 2 December 1982); Deputy Prime Minister Alfonso GUERRA
Gonzalez (since 2 December 1982).
Political parties and leaders: principal national parties,
from right to left--Popular Party (PP), Jose Maria Aznar;
Popular Democratic Party (PDP), Luis de Grandes; Social
Democratic Center (CDS), Adolfo Suarez Gonzalez; Spanish
Socialist Workers Party (PSOE), Felipe Gonzalez Marquez;
Spanish Communist Party (PCE), Julio Anguita; chief regional
parties--Convergence and Unity (CiU), Jordi Pujol Saley,
in Catalonia; Basque Nationalist Party (PNV), Xabier Arzallus;
Basque Solidarity (EA), Carlos Garaicoetxea Urizza; Basque
Popular Unity (HB), Jon Idigoras; Basque Left (EE), Juan
Maria Bandries Molet; Andalusian Party (PA); Independent
Canary Group (AIC); Aragon Regional Party (PAR); Valencian
Union (UV).
Suffrage: universal at age 18.
Elections: The Courts General--last held 29 October 1989
(next to be held October 1993); results--PSOE 39.6%, PP
25.8%, CDS 9%, Communist-led coalition (IU) 9%, CiU 5%,
Basque Nationalist Party 1.2%, HB 1%, Andalusian Party 1%,
others 8.4%; seats--(350 total, 18 vacant pending new elections
caused by voting irregularities) PSOE 176, PP 106, CiU 18,
IU 17, CDS 14, PNV 5, HB 4, others 10.
Communists: PCE membership declined from a possible high
of 160,000 in 1977 to roughly 60,000 in 1987; the party
gained almost 1 million voters and 10 deputies in the 1989
election; voters came mostly from the disgruntled socialist
left; remaining strength is in labor, where it dominates
the Workers Commissions trade union (one of the country's
two major labor centrals), which claims a membership of
about 1 million; experienced a modest recovery in 1986 national
election, nearly doubling the share of the vote it received
in 1982.
Other political or pressure groups: on the extreme left,
the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) and the First of
October Antifascist Resistance Group (GRAPO) use terrorism
to oppose the government; free labor unions (authorized in
April 1977) include the Communist-dominated Workers Commissions
(CCOO); the Socialist General Union of Workers (UGT), and
the smaller independent Workers Syndical Union (USO); the
Catholic Church; business and landowning interests; Opus Dei;
university students.
Member of: Andean Pact (observer), ASSIMER, CCC, Council
of Europe, EC, ESA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES,
ICO, IDA, IDB--Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD,
IFC, IHO, ILO, ILZSG, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOOC,
IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC--International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS
(observer), OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO.
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Julian SANTAMARIA;
Chancery at 2700 15th Street NW, Washington DC 20009; telephone
(202) 265-0190 or 0191; there are Spanish Consulates General
in Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans,
New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico); US--Ambassador
Joseph ZAPPALA; Embassy at Serrano 75, Madrid 6 (mailing
address is APO New York 09285); telephone [34] (1) 276-3400
or 3600; there is a US Consulate General in Barcelona and a
Consulate in Bilbao.
Flag: three horizontal bands of red (top), yellow (double
width), and red with the national coat of arms on the hoist
side of the yellow band; the coat of arms includes the royal
seal framed by the Pillars of Hercules which are the two
promontories (Gibraltar and Ceuta) on either side of the
eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar.